clearias-team-100

Consider the following statements:

1. India is a member of the International Grains Council.
2. A country needs to be a member of the International Grains Council for exporting or importing rice and wheat.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (a) 1 only

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. India is a member of the International Grains Council.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. Membership in the International Grains Council is not a requirement for exporting or importing rice and wheat.
  Possible Sources: Official documents from the International Grains Council and trade policies.

Consider the following statements:

1. There are no parables in Upanishads.
2. Upanishads were composed earlier than the Puranas.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (b) 2 only

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The Upanishads do contain parables and stories used to illustrate philosophical concepts.
• Statement 2 is correct. The Upanishads were composed earlier than the Puranas.
  Possible Sources: Religious and historical texts on Indian scriptures.

With reference to revenue collection by Cornwallis, consider the following statements:

1. Under the Ryotwari Settlement of revenue collection, the peasants were exempted from revenue payment in case of bad harvests or natural calamities.
2. Under the Permanent Settlement in Bengal, if the Zamindar failed to pay his revenues to the state, on or before the fixed date, he would be removed from his Zamindari.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: (b) 2 only

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Under the Ryotwari system, individual farmers (ryots) paid taxes directly to the government. There were no explicit exemptions for bad harvests or natural calamities.

Statement 2 is correct. Under the Permanent Settlement, if the Zamindar failed to pay his revenue to the state on time, he could lose his zamindari rights.
Possible Sources: History textbooks on British revenue systems in India.

Who of the following rulers of medieval India gave permission to the Portuguese to build a fort at Bhatkal?

(a) Krishnadevaraya
(b) Narasimha Saluva
(c) Muhammad Shah III
(d) Yusuf Adil Shah

Correct Answer: (a) Krishnadevaraya

Emperor Krishnadevaraya allowed the Portuguese to build a fort at Bhatkal in 1510, but little of it survives today.

Consider the following information:

	Archaeological Site	State	Description
1.	Chandraketugarh	Odisha	Trading Port town
2.	Inamgaon	Maharashtra	Chalcolithic Site
3.	Mangadu	Kerala	Megalithic site
4.	Salihundam	Andhra Pradesh	Rock-cut cave shrines

In which of the above rows is the given information correctly matched?

(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4
(d) 1 and 4

Correct Answer: (b) 2 and 3

Explanation:

• Inamgaon in Maharashtra is correctly identified as a Chalcolithic site.
• Mangadu, Kerala, where Megalithic sites are found.

• Chandraketugarh is in West Bengal, not Odisha.

• Salihundam in Andhra Pradesh is known for Buddhist stupas, not rock-cut cave shrines.
• Possible Sources: Archaeological and historical references.

With reference to ancient India, Gautama Buddha was generally known by which of the following epithets?

1. Nayaputta
2. Shakyamuni
3. Tathagata

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None of the above are epithets of Gautama Buddha

Correct Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only

Explanation:

• Shakyamuni and Tathagata are common epithets for Gautama Buddha.
• Nayaputta is not an epithet for Gautama Buddha; it refers to Mahavira, the founder of Jainism. Possible Sources: Buddhist texts and historical references.